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41 EAS
1) Авиация: эквивалентная воздушная скорость2) Медицина: ectopic ACTH syndrome3) Американизм: Emergency Alert System, Emergency Alerting System4) Военный термин: Emergency Action System, Emergency Activation System, Enlisted Aviator Study, Equipment Accountability System, European Atomic Society, enlisted assignment system, executive assignment system, expiration of active service5) Техника: educational analog simulator, engineering automated system, error analysis study, essential auxiliary support, experiment assurance system6) Шутливое выражение: Elite Ant Squad7) Автомобильный термин: electronic air suspension8) Сокращение: Electronic Article Surveillance, Emergency Avionics System, Equivalent Airspeed, Executive and Administrative Schedule (upper labor grade levels), estimated air speed, Extended Area Service (or Engineering Admin. System)9) Университет: Experimental And Applied Sciences10) Вычислительная техника: East Australian Standard-10:00, Enterprise Access System (Dynatech), Enterprise Agreement Subscription (MS, OSL), корпоративная прикладная система11) Деловая лексика: Executive Administrative Staff12) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: earthworks cut and fill table13) Макаров: equivalent air speed14) Безопасность: electronic article system, Electronic article surveillance (противокражные электронные системы)15) Расширение файла: East Australian Standard (+10:00), Extended file attributes (OS/2)16) Электротехника: electronic automatic switch17) Должность: Experimental And Applied Science18) Аэропорты: San Sebastian, Spain -
42 ERS
1) Компьютерная техника: Emergency Recovery System, External Reference Specification2) Медицина: European Respiratory Society3) Спорт: Exclusive Ride Session4) Военный термин: Electronics Rack System, Ellipsoidal Reflector Spotlight, electronic reconnaissance set, emergency recovery section, emergency relocation site, expanded radar service5) Техника: Electric Resistant Strain, effective receiver sensitivity6) Автомобильный термин: Electronic Range Select7) Сокращение: EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY Remote-sensing Satellite, Economic Research Service, Educational Research Service, European Remote sensing Satellite, erased8) Электроника: Event reporting standard9) Вычислительная техника: Enterprise Resource Sharing (ENS, Banyan, VINES), Error Report Suppression (flag, CATNIP)10) Нефть: emergency rescue service11) Космонавтика: ДЗЗ, дистанционное зондирование Земли12) Транспорт: Emergency Road Service13) Деловая лексика: Experimental Resolution System, дополнительная выплата в зависимости от размера заработной платы (Earnings Related Supplement)14) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: emergency release system, Emergency Release System (U-3400), Emergency Response System15) Образование: Employees Retirement System16) Сетевые технологии: Enterprise Reporting System, Errors Party17) Сахалин Р: Emergency Response Service18) Океанография: ESA Remote-sensing Satellite, Earth Resources Satellite, European Remote Sensing19) Сахалин Ю: emergency response station20) Расширение файла: Satellite image header (ER Mapper file, Earth Resource Mapping)21) Логистика: доплата за повышенную степень риска (Emergency Risk Surcharge)23) AMEX. Empire Resources, Inc., of Delaware -
43 eas
1) Авиация: эквивалентная воздушная скорость2) Медицина: ectopic ACTH syndrome3) Американизм: Emergency Alert System, Emergency Alerting System4) Военный термин: Emergency Action System, Emergency Activation System, Enlisted Aviator Study, Equipment Accountability System, European Atomic Society, enlisted assignment system, executive assignment system, expiration of active service5) Техника: educational analog simulator, engineering automated system, error analysis study, essential auxiliary support, experiment assurance system6) Шутливое выражение: Elite Ant Squad7) Автомобильный термин: electronic air suspension8) Сокращение: Electronic Article Surveillance, Emergency Avionics System, Equivalent Airspeed, Executive and Administrative Schedule (upper labor grade levels), estimated air speed, Extended Area Service (or Engineering Admin. System)9) Университет: Experimental And Applied Sciences10) Вычислительная техника: East Australian Standard-10:00, Enterprise Access System (Dynatech), Enterprise Agreement Subscription (MS, OSL), корпоративная прикладная система11) Деловая лексика: Executive Administrative Staff12) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: earthworks cut and fill table13) Макаров: equivalent air speed14) Безопасность: electronic article system, Electronic article surveillance (противокражные электронные системы)15) Расширение файла: East Australian Standard (+10:00), Extended file attributes (OS/2)16) Электротехника: electronic automatic switch17) Должность: Experimental And Applied Science18) Аэропорты: San Sebastian, Spain -
44 ers
1) Компьютерная техника: Emergency Recovery System, External Reference Specification2) Медицина: European Respiratory Society3) Спорт: Exclusive Ride Session4) Военный термин: Electronics Rack System, Ellipsoidal Reflector Spotlight, electronic reconnaissance set, emergency recovery section, emergency relocation site, expanded radar service5) Техника: Electric Resistant Strain, effective receiver sensitivity6) Автомобильный термин: Electronic Range Select7) Сокращение: EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY Remote-sensing Satellite, Economic Research Service, Educational Research Service, European Remote sensing Satellite, erased8) Электроника: Event reporting standard9) Вычислительная техника: Enterprise Resource Sharing (ENS, Banyan, VINES), Error Report Suppression (flag, CATNIP)10) Нефть: emergency rescue service11) Космонавтика: ДЗЗ, дистанционное зондирование Земли12) Транспорт: Emergency Road Service13) Деловая лексика: Experimental Resolution System, дополнительная выплата в зависимости от размера заработной платы (Earnings Related Supplement)14) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: emergency release system, Emergency Release System (U-3400), Emergency Response System15) Образование: Employees Retirement System16) Сетевые технологии: Enterprise Reporting System, Errors Party17) Сахалин Р: Emergency Response Service18) Океанография: ESA Remote-sensing Satellite, Earth Resources Satellite, European Remote Sensing19) Сахалин Ю: emergency response station20) Расширение файла: Satellite image header (ER Mapper file, Earth Resource Mapping)21) Логистика: доплата за повышенную степень риска (Emergency Risk Surcharge)23) AMEX. Empire Resources, Inc., of Delaware -
45 Elkington, George Richard
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 17 October 1801 Birmingham Englandd. 22 September 1865 Pool Park, Denbighshire, England[br]English pioneer in electroplating.[br]He was apprenticed to his uncles, makers of metalware, in 1815 and showed such aptitude for business that he was taken into partnership. On their deaths, Elkington assumed sole ownership of the business. In conjunction with his cousin Henry (1810–52), by unrelenting enterprise, he established an industry for electroplating and electrogilding. Up until c.1840, silver-plated goods were produced by rolling or soldering thin sheets of silver to a base metal, such as copper. Back in 1801, the English chemist William Wollaston had deposited one metal upon another by means of an electric current generated from a voltaic pile or battery. In the 1830s, certain inventors, such as Bessemer used this result to produce plated articles and these efforts in turn induced the Elkingtons to apply the method in their trade. In 1836 and 1837 they took out patents for "mercurial gilding", and one patent of 1838 refers to a separate electric current. In 1840 they bought from John Wright, a Birmingham surgeon, his discovery of what proved to be the best electroplating solution: namely, solutions of cyanides of gold and silver in potassium cyanide. They also purchased rights to use the electric machine invented by J.S. Woolrich. Armed with these techniques, the Elkingtons produced in their large new works in Newhall Street a wide range of gold-and silver-plated decorative and artistic ware. Henry was particularly active on the artistic side of the business, as was their employee Alexander Parkes. For some twenty-five years, Britain enjoyed a virtual monopoly of this kind of ware, due largely to the enterprise of the Elkingtons, although by the end of the century rising tariffs had closed many foreign markets and the lead had passed to Germany. George spent all his working life in Birmingham, taking some part in the public life of the city. He was a governor of King Edward's Grammar School and a borough magistrate. He was also a caring employer, setting up houses and schools for his workers.[br]Bibliography1864, Journal of the Royal Society for Arts (29 January).LRDBiographical history of technology > Elkington, George Richard
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46 environmental cost
природоохранные затраты
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
environmental cost
Expenses incurred as a result of some violation of ecological integrity either by an enterprise that implements a program to rectify the situation, or by society or the ecosystem as a whole when no person or enterprise is held liable. (Source: IEC / ECH)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > environmental cost
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47 co-operative
kəuˈɔpərətɪv
1. прил.
1) совместный, объединенный;
работающий вместе co-operative efforts ≈ совместные усилия co-operative neighbors ≈ работающие вместе соседи
2) кооперативный co-operative enterprise ≈ кооперативное предприятие co-operative property ≈ кооперативная собственность co-operative farm ≈ кооперативное фермерское хозяйство
3) отзывчивый;
дружелюбный Her children are considerate and cooperative. ≈ Ее дети внимательны к другим и отзывчивы.
2. сущ.
1) кооператив;
кооперативное общество There are now nearly a thousand rural electrical co-operatives and 225 telephone co-operatives. ≈ Сейчас существует около 1000 сельских кооперативов, обеспечивающих энергоснабжение, и 225 - телефонную связь. producers' co-operative consumers' co-operative credit co-operative Syn: cooperative society
2) разг. кооперативный магазин Syn: co-operative store, co-operative shop
3) кооператор, член кооперативного общества кооперативное общество кооперативный магазин сельскохозяйственный кооператив, коллективное хозяйство член кооперативного общества, кооператор кооперативный дом;
квартира в кооперативном доме, кооперативная квартира совместный, объединенный сотрудничающий;
участвующий в совместной работе - the teacher thanked the pupils for being so * учитель похвалил школьников за то, что они так хорошо ему помогали кооперативный - * society кооперативное общество;
- * shop кооперативный магазин, кооператив;
- * farm сельскохозяйственный кооператив;
коллективное хозяйство;
- * bank кооперативный банк;
- * movement кооперативное движение co-operative кооператив;
кооперативное общество;
кооперативный магазин (тж. co-operative shop) ;
consumers, co-operative потребительский кооператив co-operative кооператив;
кооперативное общество;
кооперативный магазин (тж. co-operative shop) ;
consumers, co-operative потребительский кооператив ~ кооперативный ~ совместный, объединенный, согласованно действующий;
in a co-operative spirit в духе сотрудничества producers, ~ производственный кооператив co-operative кооператив;
кооперативное общество;
кооперативный магазин (тж. co-operative shop) ;
consumers, co-operative потребительский кооператив housing ~ жилищно-строительный кооператив ~ совместный, объединенный, согласованно действующий;
in a co-operative spirit в духе сотрудничества producers, ~ производственный кооператив producers' ~ кооператив производителей production ~ производственный кооперативБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > co-operative
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48 cooperative
1. сущ.
1) кооперативное общество
2) кооперативный магазин
3) член кооперативного общества co-operative behaviour co-operative farming consumers' co-operative credit co-operative Syn: cooperative society
2. прил. кооперативный co-operative enterprise co-operative property co-operative society co-operative farm Syn: joint, associate(d), integrated Кооператив building ~ строительный кооператив consumer ~ потребительский кооператив cooperative квартира в кооперативном доме ~ коллективное хозяйство ~ кооператив ~ кооперативная квартира ~ кооперативное общество ~ кооперативный ~ кооперативный дом ~ кооперативный магазин ~ кооператор ~ объединенный ~ сельскохозяйственный кооператив ~ совместный, объединенный ~ совместный ~ согласованно действующий ~ сотрудничающий ~ участвующий в совместной работе ~ член кооперативного общества housing ~ жилищно-строительный кооператив insurance ~ страховой кооператив marketing ~ сбытовой кооператив producers' ~ производственный кооператив purchasing ~ закупочный кооператив sales ~ посредническое торговое агентство по сбыту продукции sales ~ сбытовой кооперативБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > cooperative
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49 BGS
1) Компьютерная техника: broadband group switch2) Геология: British Geological Survey3) Авиация: built group stack-up4) Американизм: Border Guard Service5) Военный термин: Big Gray Ship, Breathing Gas System, Brigadier, General Staff6) Техника: Bevel Gear Screw7) Ветеринария: British Goat Society8) Телекоммуникации: Business and Government Services (USW !enterprise)9) Сокращение: Brigadier General Staff (British Army)10) Университет: Business Government And Society12) Школьное выражение: Boston Grammar School13) Электроника: Basic Generation Service14) Литература: Bethany's Grand Speakers Toastmasters15) Нефть: Британская геологическая служба (British Geological Survey)16) Транспорт: Big Green Sign17) Воздухоплавание: Bombing and Gunnery School18) Фирменный знак: Beckett Grading Service19) Химическое оружие: Below ground surface20) NYSE. Morgan Stanley Dean Witter -
50 ISEE
1) Техника: international sun-earth explorer2) Сокращение: International Sun Earth Explorer (usually ISEE-3)3) Университет: Independent School Entrance Exam4) Вычислительная техника: Information System Engineering Environment (Westmount, CASE), Integrated Software Engineering Environment (reference model, NIST, ECMA, CASE), International Sun Earth Explorer (usually ISEE-3)5) Экология: International Society for Environmental Education6) Океанография: International Sun Earth Explorer7) Взрывчатые вещества: International Society of Explosives Engineers, Международное общество инженеров-взрывников8) НАСДАК: Sterling Vision, Inc.9) Программное обеспечение: Instant Support Enterprise Edition -
51 collapse
1. noun1) (of person) (physical or mental breakdown) Zusammenbruch, der; (heart attack; of lung, blood vessel, circulation) Kollaps, der2. intransitive verb1) [Person:] zusammenbrechen; [Lunge, Gefäß, Kreislauf:] kollabierencollapse with laughter — (fig.) sich vor Lachen kugeln
2) [Zelt:] in sich zusammenfallen; [Tisch, Stuhl:] zusammenbrechen; [Turm, Brücke, Gebäude, Mauer, Dach:] einstürzen3) (fig.): (fail) [Verhandlungen, Pläne, Hoffnungen:] scheitern; [Geschäft, Unternehmen usw.:] zusammenbrechen4) (fold down) [Regenschirm, Fahrrad, Tisch:] sich zusammenklappen lassen* * *[kə'læps]1) (to fall down and break into pieces: The bridge collapsed under the weight of the traffic.) zusammenbrechen2) ((of a person) to fall down especially unconscious, because of illness, shock etc: She collapsed with a heart attack.) zusammenbrechen3) (to break down, fail: The talks between the two countries have collapsed.) scheitern4) (to fold up or to (cause to) come to pieces (intentionally): Do these chairs collapse?) zusammenklappen•- academic.ru/14144/collapsible">collapsible* * *col·lapse[kəˈlæps]I. vi1. (fall down) things, buildings zusammenbrechen, einstürzen; people zusammenbrechen, kollabieren geh2. (fail) zusammenbrechen; enterprise zugrunde gehen; government stürzen, zu Fall kommen; hopes sich akk zerschlagen; plans, talks scheitern; prices einbrechen; property market zusammenbrechen; society zerfallenhis whole world had \collapsed für ihn war eine Welt zusammengebrochenII. n\collapse of a bridge/building Einsturz m einer Brücke/eines Gebäudesto be on the brink [or verge] of \collapse kurz vor dem Aus stehen\collapse of a business Zusammenbruch m eines Unternehmens\collapse of confidence Verlust m der Glaubwürdigkeit\collapse of one's marriage Scheitern nt einer Eheto suffer a mental/nervous \collapse einen Nervenzusammenbruch erleiden* * *[kə'lps]1. vihis health collapsed — er hatte einen Kollaps
she collapsed onto her bed, exhausted — sie plumpste erschöpft aufs Bett
2) (= fall down, cave in) zusammenbrechen; (building, wall, roof also) einstürzen; (lungs) zusammenfallen, kollabieren3) (fig: fail) zusammenbrechen; (negotiations) scheitern; (civilization) untergehen; (prices) stürzen, purzeln (inf); (government) zu Fall kommen, stürzen; (plans) scheitern, zu Fall kommen; (hopes) sich zerschlagenhis whole world collapsed about him —
4) (= fold table, umbrella, bicycle etc) sich zusammenklappen lassen; (telescope, walking stick) sich zusammenschieben lassen; (life raft) sich zusammenlegen or -falten lassen2. vttable, umbrella, bicycle etc zusammenklappen; telescope, walking stick zusammenschieben; life raft zusammenlegen or -falten3. n3) (fig: failure) Zusammenbruch m; (of negotiations also) Scheitern nt; (of civilization) Untergang m; (of government) Sturz m; (of hopes) Zerschlagung f* * *collapse [kəˈlæps]A v/i1. zusammenbrechen, einfallen, -stürzen2. fig scheitern (Plan etc), platzen umg (Prozess etc)3. fig (moralisch oder physisch) zusammenbrechen, zusammenklappen umg5. TECH zusammenlegbar sein, sich zusammenklappen lassenB v/t1. zusammenbrechen lassen, zum Einsturz bringen2. zusammenlegen, -klappenC s1. Einsturz m:cause the collapse of → B 12. fig Scheitern n, Platzen n umg:collapse of a bank Bankkrach m;collapse of prices (tiefer) Preissturz3. fig (moralischer oder physischer) Zusammenbruch4. MED Kollaps m:nervous collapse Nervenzusammenbruch;have a nervous collapse einen Nervenzusammenbruch erleiden* * *1. noun1) (of person) (physical or mental breakdown) Zusammenbruch, der; (heart attack; of lung, blood vessel, circulation) Kollaps, der2) (of tower, bridge, structure, wall, roof) Einsturz, der2. intransitive verb1) [Person:] zusammenbrechen; [Lunge, Gefäß, Kreislauf:] kollabierencollapse with laughter — (fig.) sich vor Lachen kugeln
2) [Zelt:] in sich zusammenfallen; [Tisch, Stuhl:] zusammenbrechen; [Turm, Brücke, Gebäude, Mauer, Dach:] einstürzen3) (fig.): (fail) [Verhandlungen, Pläne, Hoffnungen:] scheitern; [Geschäft, Unternehmen usw.:] zusammenbrechen4) (fold down) [Regenschirm, Fahrrad, Tisch:] sich zusammenklappen lassen* * *n.Einsturz -ë m.Kollaps -e m. v.einen Kollaps erleiden ausdr.zusammen brechen v.zusammenbrechen (alt.Rechtschreibung) v.zusammenfallen v. -
52 initiate
a. [+ negotiations, discussion, action, reform] engager ; [+ enterprise, fashion] lancer ; [+ scheme] mettre en placeb. [+ person] initier• to initiate sb into a science/a secret initier qn à une science/un secret2. adjective, noun━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━✦ Lorsque initiate est un verbe, la fin se prononce comme eight: ɪˈnɪ∫ɪeɪt ; lorsque c'est un nom ou un adjectif, elle se prononce comme it: ɪˈnɪ∫ɪɪt.* * *1. [ɪ'nɪʃɪət]noun initié/-e m/f2. [ɪ'nɪʃɪeɪt]transitive verb1) ( start up) mettre en œuvre [project, reform]; amorcer [talks]; Law entamer, engager [proceedings]2) ( admit)to initiate somebody into — admettre quelqu'un au sein de [secret society]; initier quelqu'un à [astrology]
3) Computing lancer [programme]; établir [communication] -
53 organize
1. Ithe men ought to organize рабочим следует создать организацию /сплотиться/2. III1) organize smth. organize a political party (a political group, a society, a government, an opposition, an army, a business, an enterprise, etc.) организовывать /основывать, создавать/ политическую партию и т.д.; organize smb. organize workers (students, voters, etc.) организовывать /объединять/ рабочих и т.д.2) organize smth. organize a march (a procession, a party, an entertainment, a sightseeing tour, etc.) организовывать /устраивать/ демонстрацию и т.д.; organize one's work налаживать работу; organize one's timetable упорядочить свое расписание3. XIbe (get) organized they are not organized у них нет своей организации; you must get organized вы должны создать свою организацию4. XXI11) organize smb. into smth. organize workers into a political party (students into a trade union, scholars into a scientific society, etc.) объединять рабочих в политическую партию и т.д; organize soldiers into two regiments разбить солдат на два полка, сформировать из солдат два полка2) organize smth. to smth. organize an expedition to the South Pole (a march to the capital, a trip to India, etc.) организовывать /устраивать/ экспедицию к Южному полюсу и т.д. -
54 Slavery and Slave trade, Portuguese
The Portuguese role in the Atlantic slave trade (ca. 1500-1850), next to Portugal's motives for empire and the nature of her colonial rule, remains one of the most controversial historical questions. The institution of slavery was conventional in Roman and Visigothic Portugal, and the Catholic Church sanctioned it. The origins of an international traffic in enslaved African captives in the Atlantic are usually dated to after the year 1411, when the first black African slaves were brought to Portugal (Lagos) and sold, but there were activities a century earlier that indicated the beginnings. In the 1340s, under King Afonso IV, Portuguese had captured native islanders on voyages to the Canary Islands and later used them as slave labor in the sugar plantations of Madeira. After 1500, and especially after the 1550s, when African slave-worked plantations became established in Brazil and other American colonies, the Atlantic slave trade became a vast international enterprise in which Portugal played a key role. But all the European maritime powers were involved in the slave trade from 1500 to 1800, including Great Britain, France, and Holland, those countries that eventually pressured Portugal to cease the slave trade in its empire.No one knows the actual numbers of Africans enslaved in the nefarious business, but it is clear that millions of persons during more than three-and-a-half centuries were forcibly stolen from African societies and that the survivors of the terrible slave voyages helped build the economies of the Americas. Portugal's role in the trade was as controversial as its impact on Portuguese society. Comparatively large numbers of African slaves resided in Portugal, although the precise number remains a mystery; by the last quarter of the 18th century, when the prime minister of King José I, the Marquis of Pombal abolished slavery in Portugal, the African racial element had been largely absorbed in Portuguese society.Great Portuguese fortunes were built on the African slave trade in Portugal, Brazil, and Angola, and the slave trade continued in the Portuguese empire until the 1850s and 1860s. The Angolan slave trade across the Atlantic was doomed after Brazil banned the import of slaves in 1850, under great pressure from Britain. As for slavery in Portugal's African empire, various forms of this institution, including forced labor, continued in Angola and Mozambique until the early 1960s. A curious vestige of the Portuguese role in the African slave trade over the centuries is found in the family name, appearing in Lisbon telephone books, of Negreiro, which means literally, "One who trades in (African) Negro slaves."Historical dictionary of Portugal > Slavery and Slave trade, Portuguese
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55 Dyer, Joseph Chessborough
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 15 November 1780 Stonnington Point, Connecticut, USAd. 2 May 1871 Manchester, England[br]American inventor of a popular type of roving frame for cotton manufacture.[br]As a youth, Dyer constructed an unsinkable life-boat but did not immediately pursue his mechanical bent, for at 16 he entered the counting-house of a French refugee named Nancrède and succeeded to part of the business. He first went to England in 1801 and finally settled in 1811 when he married Ellen Jones (d. 1842) of Gower Street, London. Dyer was already linked with American inventors and brought to England Perkins's plan for steel engraving in 1809, shearing and nail-making machines in 1811, and also received plans and specifications for Fulton's steamboats. He seems to have acted as a sort of British patent agent for American inventors, and in 1811 took out a patent for carding engines and a card clothing machine. In 1813 there was a patent for spinning long-fibred substances such as hemp, flax or grasses, and in 1825 there was a further patent for card making machinery. Joshua Field, on his tour through Britain in 1821, saw a wire drawing machine and a leather splitting machine at Dyer's works as well as the card-making machines. At first Dyer lived in Camden Town, London, but he had a card clothing business in Birmingham. He moved to Manchester c.1816, where he developed an extensive engineering works under the name "Joseph C.Dyer, patent card manufacturers, 8 Stanley Street, Dale Street". In 1832 he founded another works at Gamaches, Somme, France, but this enterprise was closed in 1848 with heavy losses through the mismanagement of an agent. In 1825 Dyer improved on Danforth's roving frame and started to manufacture it. While it was still a comparatively crude machine when com-pared with later versions, it had the merit of turning out a large quantity of work and was very popular, realizing a large sum of money. He patented the machine that year and must have continued his interest in these machines as further patents followed in 1830 and 1835. In 1821 Dyer had been involved in the foundation of the Manchester Guardian (now The Guardian) and he was linked with the construction of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway. He was not so successful with the ill-fated Bank of Manchester, of which he was a director and in which he lost £98,000. Dyer played an active role in the community and presented many papers to the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society. He helped to establish the Royal Institution in London and the Mechanics Institution in Manchester. In 1830 he was a member of the delegation to Paris to take contributions from the town of Manchester for the relief of those wounded in the July revolution and to congratulate Louis-Philippe on his accession. He called for the reform of Parliament and helped to form the Anti-Corn Law League. He hated slavery and wrote several articles on the subject, both prior to and during the American Civil War.[br]Bibliography1811, British patent no. 3,498 (carding engines and card clothing machine). 1813, British patent no. 3,743 (spinning long-fibred substances).1825, British patent no. 5,309 (card making machinery).1825, British patent no. 5,217 (roving frame). 1830, British patent no. 5,909 (roving frame).1835, British patent no. 6,863 (roving frame).Further ReadingDictionary of National Biography.J.W.Hall, 1932–3, "Joshua Field's diary of a tour in 1821 through the Midlands", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 6.Evan Leigh, 1875, The Science of Modern Cotton Spinning, Vol. II, Manchester (provides an account of Dyer's roving frame).D.J.Jeremy, 1981, Transatlantic Industrial Revolution: The Diffusion of TextileTechnologies Between Britain and America, 1790–1830s, Oxford (describes Dyer's links with America).See also: Arnold, AzaRLHBiographical history of technology > Dyer, Joseph Chessborough
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56 Kennedy, John
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 4 July 1769 Knocknalling, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotlandd. 30 October 1855 Ardwick Hall, Manchester, England[br]Scottish cotton spinner and textile machine maker.[br]Kennedy was the third son of his father, Robert, and went to the village school in Dalry. On his father's death, he was sent at the age of 14 to Chowbent, Lancashire, where he was apprenticed to William Cannan, a maker of textile machines such as carding frames, Hargreaves's jennies and Arkwright's waterframes. On completion of his apprenticeship in 1791, he moved to Manchester and entered into partnership with Benjamin and William Sandford and James M'Connel, textile machine makers and mule spinners. In 1795 this partnership was terminated and one was made with James M'Connel to form the firm M'Connel \& Kennedy, cotton spinners.Kennedy introduced improvements for spinning fine yarns and the firm of M'Connel \& Kennedy became famous for the quality of these products, which were in great demand. He made the spindles turn faster during the second part of the mule carriage's outward draw, and from 1793 onwards he experimented with driving mules by steam engines. Like William Kelly at New Lanark, he succeeded in making the spinning sequences power-operated by 1800, although the spinner had to take over the winding on. This made the mule into a factory machine, but it still required skilled operators. He was also involved with Henry Houldsworth, Junior, in the improvement of the roving frame. In 1803 Kennedy joined the Manchester Literary \& Philosophical Society, to which he presented several papers, including one in 1830 on "A memoir of Samuel Crompton". He retired from the spinning business in 1826, but continued his technical and mechanical pursuits. He was consulted about whether the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway should have moving or stationary steam engines and was an umpire at the Rainhill Trials in 1829.[br]Further ReadingDictionary of National Biography.W.Fairbairn, obituary, Manchester Memoirs, Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society.C.H.Lee, 1972, A Cotton Enterprise 1795–1840. A History of M'Connel \& Kennedy, FineCotton Spinners, Manchester (an account of Kennedy's spinning business). R.L.Hills, 1970, Power in the Industrial Revolution, Manchester (provides details of Kennedy's inventions on the mule).RLH -
57 market research
1) марк. изучение рынка (любое исследование состояния рынка, напр., проводимое с целью выявления слабых и сильных сторон по сравнению с конкурентами, для оценки степени монополизированности рынка, для выявления потенциальных поставщиков или подрядчиков, для оценки рыночного положения намеченной к поглощению компании и т. п.)Syn:market analysis 2), market study, market survey, market exploration, market-oriented research, market investigationSee:omnibus research, market research analysts, market research company, market research director, market research enterprise, market research firm, Market Research Corporation of America, Market Research Society2) бирж. = market analysis 2),
* * *
исследование рынка: 1) анализ рыночного потенциала нового продукта; = marketing research; 2) = market analysis; см. technical analysis.* * *ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ТОВАРНОГО РЫНКА, ИЛИ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ РЫНКОВ СБЫТА, анализ конъюнктуры. формирование информационной основы для определения стратегии и тактики конкурентной борьбы на рынке (определение емкости рынка, прогнозирование действий покупателей, изучение деятельности конкурентов и ее сравнительный анализ, прогнозирование сбыта продукции и т.д.). . Словарь экономических терминов 1 .* * *исследование, которое использует методы маркетингового исследования, ограничивая свои цели выявлением размера рынка для товара определенного вида -
58 BES
1) Компьютерная техника: Back End System, Bursty Errored Seconds2) Военный термин: Budgeted End Strength4) Бухгалтерия: Bill Enquiry System, план развития предпринимательства (по которому средства, вкладываемые в новое предприятие, освобождаются от налогообложения, business expansion scheme)5) Биржевой термин: Business Expansion Scheme6) Телекоммуникации: (banner exchange site) сайт обмена баннерами7) Сокращение: Busque de Efecto Superfice (Surface effect ship (Spain)), black enamel slate8) Вычислительная техника: bursty error seconds, Bursty Errored Seconds (DS1/E1), Block Ended by Symbol (IBM, Assembler)10) Сетевые технологии: Blackberry Enterprise Server11) Химическое оружие: budget estimate submission12) Электротехника: Bulk Electricity System, balanced electrolyte solution13) Должность: Bachelor Of Electronic Science, Bachelor Of Environmental Science, Bachelor of Environmental Studies, Business Experience System15) Базы данных: Back End Scaler -
59 ECS
1) Общая лексика: Education Counselling Service2) Компьютерная техника: embedded computer system3) Авиация: система кондиционирования воздуха4) Американизм: Ethics Compliance Standard5) Спорт: Extreme Combat Specialists6) Военный термин: Electronic Combat Support, Engineer Combat System, Exercise Control System, electronic control sensor, electronic countermeasures squadron, electronic countermeasures system, emission control system, engagement control system, engineering change schedule, engineering change sheet, entry control subsystem, environmental control system, equipment concentration site, equipment configuration study, exploder control sensor7) Техника: European fixed service satellite system, edge control seamer, editing control suite, electrical connector subassembly, electrocardioscanner, electronic clutch system, electronic composing system, electronic cooling system, electronics control system, emergency control station, enable control system, engineering control system, environmental chamber shroud, error correction servo, error correction signals, extended core storage, extensive communications system, extinction-coagulation-sedimentation8) Бухгалтерия: Electronic Clearing Service9) Автомобильный термин: evaporation control system (Chrysler)10) Сокращение: Ecuadorian Sucre, Electrochemical Society, Electronic Combat Squadron (USA), Electronic Commerce Services (secure data transmission), Electronic Courier Services (secure data transmission) March 2000, Emergency Coolant System, Engagement Control Station, European Communications Satellite, Experimental Communications Satellite11) Университет: Electronic And Computer Science, Electronic Citation System12) Электроника: European Communication Satellite13) Вычислительная техника: Enhanced Chip Set (Amiga, Commodore), Environmental Control System (Space)14) Связь: emergency call service15) Космонавтика: Environmental Control Subsystem, European regional communication satellite programme, система климатизации, система контроля среды, система обеспечения температурно-влажностного режима и режима чистоты16) Фирменный знак: Economic Consultancy House, Electronic Control Services Company, Engineered Compost Systems17) Экология: ЭКС18) Энергетика: Energy Charter Secretariat19) СМИ: English Communications Service20) Деловая лексика: Energy Consumption Saver, Enhanced Customer Service21) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Экологическая компания Сахалина (ЭКС)22) Образование: Educational Cost Sharing, Exceptional Children Services23) Сетевые технологии: Enterprise Control Station, external cache socket24) Автоматика: expert control system25) Авиационная медицина: environment(al) control system26) Макаров: energy control system27) Безопасность: Encryption Control Signal, Encryption Control System, electronic countersurveillance28) Расширение файла: Electronic Chart Systems, Enhanced Chip Set29) Нефть и газ: Ecological Company of Sakhalin, Environmental Company of Sakhalin, Elemental Capture Sonde30) Общественная организация: Education Commission of the States31) НАСА: EOF Core System -
60 GEMS
1) Общая лексика: Government and Enterprise Mobility Solutions2) Военный термин: geostationary European meteorological satellite, global environment monitoring system3) Шутливое выражение: Girls Earning Multiple Skills, Girls Engineering Math And Science, Girls Entering Midlife Screaming5) Религия: Girls Everywhere Meeting The Savior, God's Enthusiastic Mission Seekers, Gospel Echoing Missionary Society6) Метеорология: Global Environmental Monitoring System7) Биржевой термин: Great Earnings Momentum Stocks8) Сокращение: Generic Missile Simulation10) Физиология: Getting Early Maternity Services11) Космонавтика: Global Environmental Monitoring System (UNEP)12) Фирменный знак: Global Election Management Systems13) Деловая лексика: Gifted Entrepreneurs Making Strides, Group Expatriate Medical Scheme (компания "Шелл")14) Нефтегазовая техника ГЕМС (Global Environmental Monitoring System), Глобальная система мониторинга окружающей среды (Global Environmental Monitoring System)15) Образование: Girls Exploring Math And Science, Giving Education Mentoring Support, Global Education Model Of Schooling, Graceland Educational Media Services16) Химическое оружие: continuous emission monitors17) ООН: Global Election Management System
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